Volume I Sport: Language, Culture, Society

Contents

• Introduction

• Dorota Antoniewska-Lajus
  "The extension of the French Sports Vocabulary Use, Sports Metaphors in the French Media Discourse"           The research aims at observing the expansion of French sports lexis use and is based on both the French school of discourse analysis and the cognitive approach to metaphor. The subject of the thesis are colloquial sports metaphors characteristic of the French general media discourse. Although sports metaphors in press texts are a universal phenomenon, in this article a special emphasis is placed on expressions that are specific to the French language.

• Edyta Błachut
  "The sender's Point of View in Sports Commentaries. Linguistic Considerations"                                            This paper discusses the point of view of the commentator (sender) in sports events. The linguistic material used in this study comprises written texts obtained from sports commentaries published in Polish sports journals. The aim of the examination is to explain how commentaries can be formed to express the sender's subjective attitude to a discussed situation. The analysis focuses on different devices such as modal words, deictic expressions, emotionally-marked vocabulary, evaluative expressions. By analysing the meanings of particular expressions and words used to express the speaker's subjectivity, the paper establishes the status of the sender, as reflected in the meanings of words (his judgements, values, predictions, ways of distancing oneself, neutral reporting, as well as local and temporal reference). This analysis is both descriptive and interpretative.

• Patrycja Bobowska-Nastarzewska
  "Language of Sport in the World of Politics"                                                                                                The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of terminology related to sport as found in the language of politics and the speeches of political commentators in Poland. In the article, the vocabulary from four sport disciplines as used by politicians in discussed, namely boxing, wrestling, chess and football. In her work, the author referred to the theories of linguistics and media image of the world. As a result, it is shown that the metaphorical and illustrative terminology of sport is used in the emotional and media political discourse on purpose and not accidentally.                 

• Katarzyna Burska 

           "The Names of Broadcasts in Intenet Radio Stations about Sports"                                                                         The aim of the article is to analyze the nomination techniques used in the names of Internet sports radio                 broadcasts. The vast majority of the analyzed proprions refer to sport, they are used as e.g. names of                     disciplines and their specific elements, names of tournaments and competitions, clubs, or club nicknames.               Sometimes the name of the station and the person of the broadcast journalist are emphasized. Although                 there is a certain schematicity in the construction of the analyzed names, sometimes the authors try to                   surprise the listener by using polysemy, neologisms and intertextual references. 

• Anna Godzich
  "Food Metaphor in Italian and Polish Football LSP"                                                                                      The aim of this article is to describe the food metaphor in Italian and Polish football language. The theoretical framework of this paper is based upon the views of Lakoff and Johnson's (1988) Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Peeters' (2015) concepts of ethnolexycology and ethnophraseology as two of five pathways which may be used to determine cultural values of a community and Wierzbicka's (2019) insights to semantic and lexical analysis of a speech community / society lexicon (its ways of living and thinking). The author attempts to categorize collected linguistic data as a part of A SOCCER MATCH IS FOOD FOR PLAYERS or A SOCCER MATCH IS FEAST FOR FANS metaphor.

• Beata Grochala
  "Information, Publicist and (Self-)Creation - About the Language of Sports Journalists in New Media"             The aim of the article is to present and analyze the language of sports journalists used in Polish sports magazines broadcast on the Internet. I found, based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis, that in this variant of the sports language there is less and less specialized vocabulary, and more and more colloquial elements which are elements used for (self)creation rather than information of shaping opinions. The research material was excerpted from one episode of the "Misja Futbolu" videoblog, broadcast as part of "Kanał Sportowy". 

• Ryszard Lipczuk
  "International Words in the Sport Vocabulary                                                                                             The objective of the paper is to present international words (internationalisms) within the common sport vocabulary (e.g. in Polish akcja, fan, kariera, rywalizować, stadion, trener). The focus of this study are international words of sport in four languages: Polish, German, English and French. Into consideration are also taken non-Indo-European languages: Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, Japanese, Arabic. Most international words come from English, Latin and Greek, French. 

• Marek Łuszczyk
  "The Movie Involuntarily Athlete directed by Mieczysław Krawicz, as a Source for Research on the Popularity of Winter Sports in the Interwar Poland"                                                                                                    The movie Involuntarily athlete, directed by Mieczysław Krawicz, is an invaluable source, thanks to which it is possible to analyze the popularity of sport in Polish society in the 1930s. Under the comic entourage, one can find a wealth of symbols, the decoding of which helps to understand to what extent sport's terminology was present in the political and social life of that decade. It should also be noted that the film producers, who financed new cinematographic undertakings, wanted to be sure of both financial success and the favour of officials who decided to admit the film to be shown.  

• Emilia Pankanin
  "Informal Lexis and Phraseology in Headlines of a Popular German-Language Magazine about Running"           The paper examines lexis and phraseology of informal German excerpted from selected headlines of a       popular German-language magazine about running. The main focus of the analysis is to determine and   describe linguistic means used to create an image of running in the magazine in question. With its   humorous and playful tone, informal language used in the headlines generates interest and serves as an   attention getter. As it has an evaluative and emotional character, it can be used for emphasis and   motivational purposes. Phraseology applied in the headlines offers a range of possible meanings and   constitutes a source of historical reference. 

• Aneta Pawlak
  "Considerations on the Word SPORT - its Definition, History, Etymology and First Use in Selected Languages"  The subject of this work is the word sport - its definition, history, etymology and context of first use in selected languages: Polish, English, French, German, Portuguese and Spanish. At the outset, we note that the word sport has many definitions, and as a socio-cultural phenomenon it is interpreted on the timeline in two ways: either as a novelty or as a continuation of ancient and medieval traditions. Then we present the etymology and context of the first use of the word sport, first in Polish, with particular emphasis on the historical background, and secondly in the above-mentioned languages, based on foreign sources.

• Artur Świstek
  Coach of People with Intellectual Disabilities as a Leader in Society                                                            This article presents the role of a trainer of people with intellectual disabilities as a leader in society, showing a wide picture of his work and activities. The leader as a trainer and his character traits contributes to the fulfillment of the social role by people with intellectual disabilities. The prepared text is a kind of alternative to the approximation of their situation in social and sports life. They fill the gap in our local environment by giving them the feeling of being able citizens of our country.

From the review:

The publication is a collection of papers from the field of humane and social studies on the phenomenon of sport […] Some of the articles use the comparative and multilateral methods of analysis, which ensures relativization and objectivity of the conclusive remarks. Valuable is the fact that many of the analyses are embedded in a broad socio-cultural context, which enables to demonstrate how multifaceted the contemporary sport is. Conclusive remarks of many papers offer  innovative perspectives, which results from the studies based on solid materials. What should be emphasized is the fact that the volume comprises not only linguistic studies (although they dominate) but also communicative studies, film studies, pedagogy, and social studies.